Effects Of China Structural Change Exports -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Effects Of China Structural Change Exports? Answer: Presentation The financial possibility of nations all through the world has been progressively dependent on continued interest in China and India. Tireless achievement can't be messed with, however. It is a reality of history that the directions of development are never continued on the autopilot. Actually, both China and India are focusing on the modification of their relating improvement and development methodologies to handle the difficulties that have emerged and significant obstacles ahead. India and Chinas twelfth 5-year plans (5YPs) show their dreams just as targets. By and by, change of improvement and development techniques stays perplexing and testing from both political and financial perspectives. Accordingly, there stays a great deal of vulnerabilities with respect to the course of strategy and in regards to whether and how the two nations will alter their development designs. As far as strategy, opening up just as steady market-centered change in China were converged with a solid job of the organizations in directing assets to venture and industry. Truth be told, the development has remained particularly industry-and speculation centered. This has allowed China to have a continued high development without primary full scale pressure (Loke 2017). By the by, it has additionally prompted noteworthy uneven characters. Since the mid-1980s, India has additionally left on advertise centered change. The arrangements of India have naturally not focused on unequivocally at the speculation and industrialization as much as in India and Chinas development design has stayed less industry-and fare centered. The potential development of GDP of India expanded after some time as consequence of higher speculation and complete efficiency (TFP) development (Liew 2015). All things considered, desires, just as request, ran in front of flexibly side of late, coming full circle in macroeconomics pressure. Further, monetary weights have re-surfaced. Meanwhile, in China and India, making development progressively comprehensive stays a key test. The legislatures in both China and India need to attempt change in their comparing development system to support improvement and development and address worldwide and household difficulties. China needs the change of development design towards utilization just as administrations to diminish the unevenness. A second key goal of China is the mechanical updating just as climbing the worth chain. This needs changes to channel assets to novel parts just as help all the more full relocation to the urban regions (Lardy 2016). The most noteworthy goal in India is to expand the financial development. Extra focal objectives incorporate swifter by and large urbanizations and improvement; fortifying administration and infrastructural advancement to help the development; and accomplishing a progressively comprehensive development. To ensure quick development stays reasonable monetarily, the two nations must have a more grounded gracefully side. These patterns will all things considered, rise up out of higher TFP development. India slacks China essentially on all the center determinants of TFP development as demonstrated by crosscountry proof. It is consistent with state that these adjustments in the development and advancement designs in China and India have impacts on the development and improvement methodologies outside the two nations. For instance, the present auxiliary changes in the economy of China will have significant ramifications for the formative desire of Africa. This is never the first run through choices in China have been progressively felt in Africa. For the past fifteen years, the quick, just as the unavoidable passage of Chinese capital just as organizations into Africa, have impacted the mainland. The scale and speed of such changes over the earlier decade and a half-by means of multi-billion dollar exchanges other than circle highest points has finished in the African slope towards the business range of prominence of China. This example has been encouraged by the Western budgetary and financial emergency. African economies are consequently reorienting towards the rising rather than the propelled world. Notwithstanding, as Chinas system towards Africa develops, so too should the procedure of African towards China. Beijing is not, at this point a minor entertainer in Africas assets industry. It is broadening the extent of a business raid into the Africa mainland. The administrations of African economies require to respond appropriately and stay agiler in their comparing strategy making against the commitment of China (Tasneem 2015). Chinas model will be embraced in Africa as it has made China move from Asian to African geese. China has decidedly added to bring down expansion by means of the fare exchange of minimal effort things and this will be applied in the African landmass. African gees like Nigeria and South Africa will in the long run fall into arrangement with the utilization of the Asian model. This is on the grounds that the model will propel African nations to proactively fabricate the basic establishments just as empowering conditions. These patterns will speak to producers into their individual economies just as venture up the base bar of the mechanical worth chain. In this way, African nations will begin laying similar bases for industrialization previously laid by India and China during the 1970s and 1980s. This is on the grounds that the maverick test has found the African nations. Along these lines, convincing them to assemble the fundamental framework, aptitudes base just as organizations that w ill be speaking to the Indian and Chinese ventures. The Indian and Chinese impact will additionally make African nations acknowledged China and India-driven ware super-pattern of the earlier decade. Subsequently, they will start to completely use the open door it presents for the African asset divisions. The approaching movement moved by advertise powers because of India and Chinese assembling part is currently clear. It will in this way give catalyst to African industrialization just as beneficiation desire. In addition, the connection among India and China and Africa is not, at this point only with respect to the fascination of state capital. It has gone a step higher to fuse private speculation. This will illuminate the strategy regarding African nations trying to move past asset to expand their relating economies by building early assembling and industry parts (McMillan, Rodrik and Verduzco-Gallo 2014). The auxiliary changes in India and Africa, in this way, presently hold out tremendous potential for development for Africa. China and India will additionally have extraordinary ramifications for Asia as well as the more prominent Pacific locale. Globalization, exchange advancement, just as the weight of meeting FTA and WTO understandings, have progressively created a critical development for exchange. China, for example, will appreciate the biggest impact on Pacific locale and Asia since the economy of China is 2.5 occasions greater than that of India. China is additionally becoming swifter and remains progressively coordinated with the whole world (Kuijs 2012). China got around sixty billion USD for FDI in the earlier years when contrasted with five billion USD got by India. The FDI close by global ventures remains instruments for the importation of innovation just as enterprising nearby administration abilities. China is additionally anticipated to be the worldwide second biggest exporter and shipper. These patterns will have impacts on the procedures of development and improvement in its driving rivals. The adversaries incorporate the US, Australian, Russian Federation just as the Middle East (Lardy 2016). The worldwide advancement examples and procedures will additionally change to keep pace and counter the development in India and China. Some adversary economies should counter the impact of China and India in Africa and in other worldwide exchange footings. For instance, while China is focusing on re-adjusting just as climbing the worth chain, India focuses on quicker just as progressively comprehensive development (Schellekens 2013). These techniques and examples will be all around repeated in numerous nations as components to counter the impact of the two nations as far as exchange and another key sectoral premise. For instance, no opponent nation to India will see it accomplish its point of raising the monetary development without needing to do likewise to solidify their situation as far as worldwide exchange. This is on the grounds that the expanded financial development in India will be a hindrance to its opponent and henceforth they need to stay up with what India does (Lee, Pa rk and Shin 2017). Subsequently, as India accomplishes its objective through such examples and procedures as quicker generally speaking urbanization and advancement, fortifying administration just as the improvement of framework. It is likewise accomplished through making development progressively comprehensive. Different nations will impersonate this so as to keep an eye because of India on a worldwide point of view. This implies numerous nations will move towards examples and techniques that keep a solid gracefully side to guarantee quick and financially supportable development (Kuijs 2012). Then again, China targets changing example of development towards utilization and administrations. This implies progressively work concentrated development close by expanded urban business creation (Gordon and Roth 2012). All inclusive, nations will keep an eye on the developments of China and India by embracing such examples that guarantee that wages and family salary share in GDP are supported so as to make utilization financially maintainable. The two nations would likewise need to bring down the inclination for outer surpluses and decline the affectability of economy to stuns because of worldwide interest (Das 2014). The rebalancing will additionally make development less escalated in assets and vitality just as less inconvenient to condition. In this manner, making an upper hand which opponents must battle by attempting to adjust to the methodologies and examples it has embraced. Around the world, this will have an impact. Nations will likewise move to

Man Sized Job Essays - Sharlot Hall, British Poetry, Literature

Man Sized Job Man-Sized Job was composed by Sharlot Hall (1870-1943). It is a sonnet that characterizes a lady's work from a man's perspective. Sonnets like this were unprecedented in the late 1800's ? mid 1900's, particularly if ladies kept in touch with them. The two parts of this sonnet I might want to break down are the jargon utilized and the male haughty perspective. If not for these two misrepresented angles, the sonnet would not have as solid of an importance. The jargon utilized in this sonnet is far structure appropriate. It is a distortion used to make men sound less smart than they might suspect they are. Sharlot Hall needs men to sound less smart in this sonnet in light of the fact that the sonnet is from a man's perspective on what a lady's work ought to be. It is evident to anybody that peruses this sonnet that Hall is totally can't help contradicting the average male perspective on what ladies ought to and ought not do. Another explanation behind the language that is utilized is to make the men sound uneducated. Lobby is indicating to her crowd that ladies are as a matter of fact more intelligent than men. Despite the fact that she is going after men, the way she goes about it makes this sonnet agreeable for both genders. The haughty perspective in this sonnet is self-evident. It is incredibly misrepresented with the goal that Hall can express what is on her mind to her crowd plainly. She likewise utilizes it to get the crowd on her side of the issue. This is an amazing asset that can be utilized. At the point when somebody peruses a sonnet and they take they creators perspective regarding a matter, the sonnet turns into considerably more fascinating. This adds to the amusement estimation of the sonnet. All things considered, the motivation behind a sonnet ought to be to engage and get the enthusiasm of a crowd of people. Corridor utilizes this method to further her potential benefit. Her utilization of the high and mighty perspective is likely the way in to this sonnet being amazing. The two parts of this sonnet I examined in this paper were fundamental to the accomplishment of this sonnet. Both the jargon utilized by Hall and the male haughty perspective communicated were fundamental in expressing what is on her mind to her crowd. Albeit the two apparatuses were overstated drastically, it was fundamental for the explanation for the sonnet. As I would see it, this sonnet was composed for one explanation. This explanation is to just ridicule men and their mentalities. Lobby worked admirably.

Huckleberry Finn Hoesty Quotes Analysis free essay sample

Cash can cause for individuals to lose the estimation of trustworthiness. ’What did you say your name was, nectar? ’ M†calls me Sarah, a few calls me Mary. (54)Huck isn't one to abandon a falsehood. He turns new stories as old ones are found to be bogus. In any event, when he knows he’s got, he doesn’t move. Huck is acceptable at concocting another last minute lie in endeavor to keep the genuine truth covered up. â€Å"Jim won’t ever forgit you, Huck; you’s de bes’ fren’ Jim’s ever had; en you’s de just fren’ olde Jim got now. †(83)Huck’s inner voice inconveniences him profoundly about aiding Jim escape from his â€Å"rightful owner,† Miss Watson, particularly after all she has accomplished for Huck. Jim chats on and on about heading off to the free states, particularly about his arrangement to gain cash to purchase the opportunity of his significant other and youngsters. We will compose a custom article test on Huckleberry Finn Hoesty Quotes Analysis or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Jim may be stating this to Huck since he is appreciative or in light of the fact that he truly would not joke about this. In past entries Jim’s trustworthiness has been placed in danger. â€Å"They went off, and I got on board the pontoon, feeling terrible and low, since I knowed very well I had fouled up, and I see it warn’t no utilization for me to attempt to figure out how to do right†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (85)Huck appears to lie a great deal. It’s simple for him to be misleading with others yet he is straightforward with himself. He knows about when he is fouling up and realizes that he can’t change the way that he is an erroneous individual. â€Å"Mars Jawge, if youll descend into de swamp Ill show you an entire stack o water-slippers. (102)There’s something lively about certain sorts of trickiness in this novel. It doesn’t appear to be manipulative to such an extent as useful in cases this way. The misdirection in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn frequently calls attention to how nearly everybody is artless somewhat, or if nothing else confides in the fair or good natured nature of others. It wouldn’t a done nothing worth mentioning; furthermore, it was similarly as I said; you couldn’t let them know from the genuine kind. †(141)The motivation behind why can’t tell a genuine superbness from a fraud is on the grounds that they are both unscrupulous with their kin. The sham lies so as to get what he/she needs. A genuine superbness likewise lies for some expla nation. When an untruth is advised a lot more are to follow so as to support the principal lie. â€Å"You can’t ask a falsehood I found that out. †(192)Huck needs to make the best choice however he has become acclimated to continually doing the deceptive thing. He has now understood that he can’t be an alternate individual regardless of whether he needs to.

The Declaration of independence essays

The Declaration of freedom papers The Declaration of Independence, by Thomas Jefferson, is the archive wherein American pilgrims battled for their opportunity from British standard. The Second Continental Congress, with agents of the 13 British settlements in America, received the announcement on July 4, 1776. The archive is partitioned into three sections, a presentation which is an announcement of chief concerning privileges of man of the upset against Britain, a rundown of explicit objections not to parliament yet to King George III, and a conventional case of autonomy from England. The Declaration of Independence mirrored the edified thoughts of European scholar John Locke and Sir Thomas Paine. John Locke was a thinker who was the originator of the idea of government and the accepted that all individuals are equivalent with specific rights that the legislature can't abuse on. The other man that had a great deal of impact in the possibility of freedom was Sir Thomas Paine. This 50 page flyer attested that provinces got no favorable position from England which was abusing them. It additionally called for thought of states to get autonomous and build up their own republican government. The Birthday of another world is within reach said Thomas Paine; he additionally contrasted the government with a foundation. The one individual who was singled out in the Declaration of Independence was King George III. There were motivations to why the King is being asked or fundamentally told for what valid reason this call for partition and autonomy. The lord wouldn't make laws for the provinces prosperity. He preclude for governors to pass significant laws quickly that would profit settlements. That he set up the directing government over the Atlantic Ocean, by doing this depleted settlements legislative proposals into understanding since it took such a long time for an answer. The enormous one was that the he permitted Parliament to burden with no proper portrayal from province delegates. To finish it off he cut o... <! The Declaration of Independence expositions Over the span of time there are numerous contentions. There ought to be no compelling reason to battle with each other. America is for opportunity. There shouldnt be such a large number of set backs to make things harder. Individuals ought to have the decision to pick how they need to live. They shouldnt need to engage in political contentions. On the off chance that everybody could simply regard sentiments and hear them out as opposed to getting issues made. We should all simply deal with ourselves. Settlers accept that the privileges of all pioneers ought to be reasonable. Government should attempt to avoid pilgrims business. The reason for an administration is to keep everything sorted out. Government ought not need to battle among itself and cause issues on the grounds that these issues begin to make pilgrims lives more diligently. Individuals all reserve the privilege to sentiments and talk up to tell individuals issues. In the event that administration is chosen by homesteaders is ought to be changed by the pioneers. The lord had done numerous things to abuse the pioneers. The ruler had made us house and deal with officers. This attacks protection of pioneers. This is a cost that lone the lord should pay for considering he is the one that chooses to make there be warriors. The lord ought not have put burdens on sugar and molasses since it stops individuals that sell it from raking in tons of cash since certain individuals won't make good on charges. This makes homesteaders that sell sugar hard to bring in cash. The lord ought not make settlers pay for stamps on everything and should just need to pay for everything once in light of the fact that it is badly arranged. The lord shouldnt confine settling territories and should just barely get it more cash-flow for the land. The ruler ought not make all pioneers demonstration certain ways. He should let pilgrims support themselves and offer thoughts on how things ought to be changed without there being a major issue. America should remain solitary aside fro ... <!

The Trail of Tears in U.S. history - Free Essay Example

The Cherokee are described as a clean people. Cleaner than the settlers and other Indian tribes in the area. They thought water was a holy gift by the Great Spirit, so they went to it often. Ehle describes the Cherokee being quite matriarchal. Cherokee women had more rights than most European women did. She chose who she wanted to marry, the husband had to build the house, yet the property remained hers. She had the right to choose to kill an unwanted child, if the husband killed a child it would be murder. The birth and upbringing of a well-known Cherokee, The Ridge, is described in the narrative to tell of the ordeals the tribe endured. The biggest struggles before the forced removal for the Cherokee people was attempting to protect their territory and adapting to the cultures of the whites. The Cherokee had made the decision to side with the British during the war, a mistake that would eventually come back to haunt them. The British had promised the Cherokee that if they won, they would help remove all the Americans from their land and forbid them from returning to it. As we know the British lost and with that so did the Cherokee Nation. Even though President Jefferson had signed the treaty of Hopewell. White settlers kept encroaching on Cherokee land. Ridge had gone raiding with a lot of the other warriors in his village. He became well respected. He did not get along with a chief named Doublehead, who was always very vicious and was easily bribed by the white men for land. As Ridge grew, he started to adapt the white ways a lot more successfully than some of his brethren. He got married and started a plantation that grew crops, had cattle, and he actually had a few slaves as well. A lot of missionaries tried to come into the village and help civilize the people throug h the word of God. One such missionary group was called the Moravians. They were Germans. They had promised to build churches and a boarding house and school for the children. After taking several years to build their buildings, they only promised to teach 4 kids. Outraged, the tribe voted and outed the Moravians and put in place the Presbyterians. Reverend Blackburn was in charge of the church and had promised to teach more children and to allow the option of teaching Christianity, but explained it was not a requirement for the children or the families. The mixed-blood Cherokees were more open to the schooling and to adapting the white ways. Doublehead, a full-blood chief, and also the most ill-mannered was against any civilization, although he did accept money from the whites for land, so he can become rich. Because Doublehead was so amiable to the whites, and they preferred to deal with him, he became the one the President wanted to speak to on behalf of the Cherokee Nation. Ridge and other members of the council did not agree with this. Since it was blood law that if any chief or one Cherokee sold off land without the permission of all of the townspeople and the council the consequence was death. Ridge figured that Doublehead would be best dealt with by assassination since he had broken this blood law. Ridge shot Doublehead in the head. Ridge was then put in a higher place within the Cherokee Council for his actions. There still was a division though between the tribes. Ridge had become the new person that a lot of the whites dealt with. He was rich, dressed like the white man and had a powerful voice with the Cherokee people. On the other hand, was another young up and comer by the name of John Ross. He was a mixed blood with a white father. He could speak English very well and was raised to learn the customs of both sides. He became chief to the Cherokee Nation. He was also very good friends with Ridge. The mixed bloods seemed to follow the word of both Ross and Ridge, but the full-bloods didnt trust the word of Ridge. They were weary of his actions because they felt like he had assimilated too much. Ridge had sent off his son to a school in Connecticut. John was his name and he ended up becoming a lawyer and marrying a white woman. John did move back and helped his father with the Council. Georgia was started to pressure the Cherokee to leave, they wanted the land they occupied. There was a di scovery of gold in the area as well that brought in many white prospectors to the land. With the work of Ross and the Ridge family, the Cherokee Nation created their own constitution. Modeled after the US Constitution, it created guidelines for that nation and its sovereignty and borders. Georgia was not happy about this decision and the Cherokee Nation and Georgia went to court in the matter. Once the Supreme Court got a hold of the petition, the Justice of the Supreme Court decided in the favor of the Cherokee. So, for the time being, they were able to hold onto their land. Andrew Jackson soon became president. He was elected and was called the Peoples President. One of his top issues was the removal of Indians from the East. The Indian Removal Act was the final bill that the Cherokee were dreading. After many years of smaller treaties and deals made with the white men, it was now the President who made the final decision. They were to be given money and supplies to move west of the Mississippi to relocate. Georgia did not follow the Supreme Court decision and beginning a lottery for the Cherokee land. Ridge, Ross, and a few other chiefs travelled to Washington to meet with Jackson to ask him if he would uphold the Supreme Court decision. He declined. He stated that Georgia will do what it wants. So now the decision had to be made. They could either take the money and the supplies and move of their own freewill, or they will be forced by military means from the land and no promises of the conditions. The Cherokee split even further on this issue, which the whites capitalized on. Ridges family, being highly assimilated and wanted to protect their money and standing, tried to convince all the people of the Cherokee Nation that moving to the west was the best decision. Ridge claimed if they wanted their people to survive, then they needed to go with him and move to the west. Ross, on the other hand, disagreed. Like most full-bloods, the land they occupied was sacred land. It was where they believe the Cherokee people started and have always lived. They believed the Great Spirit had placed the Cherokee there. They would not leave the land without a fight. Jackson, in a final attempt to mitigate the move the Cherokee Nation offered 5 million dollars and the supplies for the people to move. Ridges family and a few other chiefs thought in an honorable move they would decide for the Nation and sign this treaty. They would make the decision for the survival of their people and agree to mo ve west. Once the rest of the Nation had heard of this sign treaty by only a few of the leaders, they felt utterly betrayed. Ridges family and less than 2,000 of the over 16,000 Cherokee decided to move west. Now it was down to the clock, and Ross (who had stayed) and the rest of the Cherokee had to find a way to negate this betrayal of a treaty. They got almost every Cherokee to sign a petition that the treaty was not signed in their best interest and they wanted to keep their land. The Court never looked at the petition. It was too late. The troops Jackson had sent arrived, and thousands were ripped from their homes. Because they thought that they would be able to stay on their land, most were not prepared to be moved so suddenly. They were only allowed to carry what they could on their backs. At first, thousands upon thousands were sent to a stokehold. They stayed there for months. Corralled like cattle, they slept on hay or just the near frozen muddy ground. Without proper environmental conditions, sickness and exposure killed several thousand before any travelling even begun. They waited there for over 3 months. When the military finally separated the people into groups almost of the Nation was already gone. Each detachment was then taken west on the trip that was over 800 miles long and would take over 3-4 months. The conditions for travelling were not ideal. Along the way several were lost because supplies ran out. Mothers walked miles and miles with their deceased children in their arms. The dead lay along the pathways. A winter storm would hit and strand thousands to an open area, nowhere to find coverage. Many would die once again from disease and exposure. But along the path many would sing, the Christian songs they were taught. For miles the line of Cherokee sang as they were forced to their new home in Oklahoma, it would be called the Trail of Tears. Now in Oklahoma, Ridge and his family have already set up their plantation in Honey Creek and started anew in this fresh new land. The Ridge family had started setting up a store and schools for the nation. John Ross was one of the last settlers to arrive. He had wanted to set up a meeting with the already established Cherokees and propose they come up with a new Constitution. The blood law that stated no Cherokee could sell any land without permission by the whole of the tribe was kept, and they held that Major Ridge and his family and the few others that signed the initial treaty were found guilty. Assassination parties were assigned, and John was the first to be pulled from his home and he was stabbed over and over, then they stomped on his body. Major Ridge was traveling to visit a sick slave when a volley of shots hit him. He was shot 5 times in the head and several in his body. John Ross continued to rally for the Cherokee Nation. He attempted to get more money for the Nation and helped rebuild the community.

Strategies for Improving Services in a Local Restaurant Coursework - 550 Words

Strategies for Improving Services in a Local Restaurant (Coursework Sample) Content: Strategies for Improving Services in a Local Restaurant(Authorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s name)(Class)(Date)(Course Title)(Instructor's Name)Service quality has considerable effects on the sustainable development of service outlets Therefore, the following positioning strategies are important in assisting the restaurant to carve a niche while fine-tuning service to meet the needs of their particular target market segmentBuilding Customer Loyalty and RetentionFor a foundation of loyalty to be built, the restaurant should segment the market to understand what customers desire so as to gain a competitive edge. The restaurant should be selective in acquisition by assessing each of its customers on a personal level. A strategic approach to upgrading, retaining and even terminating relationships with customers should be adopted (Wirtz Lovelock, 2005). Since different customers display different service needs and expectations, tiering the service will enable the restaurant to deliver diff erent service levels to various customer groups. Additionally, service quality and customer satisfaction are a prerequisite for loyalty, given that defections occur with low satisfaction levels. Unless there are high switching costs, customers are always ready to switch when a better choice is found. Various strategies should be employed for developing loyalty bonds with its customers. This may achieved by deepening relationships through bundling and introducing loyalty rewards, and creating higher-level bonds such as customization, social and structural bonds. Lastly, the restaurant should address general churn drivers by reducing inconvenience, delivering quality service and having fair pricing. The restaurant may employ call center staff to retain customers.Service Recovery Considerations after FailureAll service entities experience scenarios where their customer is not satisfied with service outcomes, the service process or both. As such, service recovery strategies illustrate t he steps taken by service providers in response to failures or defects in their system. These steps may range from doing nothing to doing whatever it takes to fix the problem. In this respect, the most frequently employed actions include an apology, providing solace to the customer, compensation or providing responsive service. Effectiveness of the recovery strategies will often depend on the situation and is determined by factors like the importance and type of service. Effectiveness also depends on the manner in which the service giver handles the problem. Therefore, both what is done and how it is done will contribute to effectiveness in the recovery strategy. To realize customer satisfaction and regain trust the service provider should provide cognitive control. They sh... Strategies for Improving Services in a Local Restaurant Coursework - 550 Words Strategies for Improving Services in a Local Restaurant (Coursework Sample) Content: Strategies for Improving Services in a Local Restaurant(Authorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s name)(Class)(Date)(Course Title)(Instructor's Name)Service quality has considerable effects on the sustainable development of service outlets Therefore, the following positioning strategies are important in assisting the restaurant to carve a niche while fine-tuning service to meet the needs of their particular target market segmentBuilding Customer Loyalty and RetentionFor a foundation of loyalty to be built, the restaurant should segment the market to understand what customers desire so as to gain a competitive edge. The restaurant should be selective in acquisition by assessing each of its customers on a personal level. A strategic approach to upgrading, retaining and even terminating relationships with customers should be adopted (Wirtz Lovelock, 2005). Since different customers display different service needs and expectations, tiering the service will enable the restaurant to deliver diff erent service levels to various customer groups. Additionally, service quality and customer satisfaction are a prerequisite for loyalty, given that defections occur with low satisfaction levels. Unless there are high switching costs, customers are always ready to switch when a better choice is found. Various strategies should be employed for developing loyalty bonds with its customers. This may achieved by deepening relationships through bundling and introducing loyalty rewards, and creating higher-level bonds such as customization, social and structural bonds. Lastly, the restaurant should address general churn drivers by reducing inconvenience, delivering quality service and having fair pricing. The restaurant may employ call center staff to retain customers.Service Recovery Considerations after FailureAll service entities experience scenarios where their customer is not satisfied with service outcomes, the service process or both. As such, service recovery strategies illustrate t he steps taken by service providers in response to failures or defects in their system. These steps may range from doing nothing to doing whatever it takes to fix the problem. In this respect, the most frequently employed actions include an apology, providing solace to the customer, compensation or providing responsive service. Effectiveness of the recovery strategies will often depend on the situation and is determined by factors like the importance and type of service. Effectiveness also depends on the manner in which the service giver handles the problem. Therefore, both what is done and how it is done will contribute to effectiveness in the recovery strategy. To realize customer satisfaction and regain trust the service provider should provide cognitive control. They sh...

Desensitization of Murder in The Lottery Essay - 1078 Words

On the Desensitization of Murder in The Lottery When someone is a part of or witnesses any one thing enough times, that person will become desensitized to it, whether it is gradually accepting abortion, homosexuality or anything else for that matter. People can even become accustomed to violent murder if it is ingrained into their lives enough. Take the Einsatzgruppen (Nazi Officers that were partly responsible for the death of millions) The Lithuanians showed them how to murder women and children, and they became accustomed to it (Cesarani 165). Shirley Jackson most certainly takes this desensitization into account when she writes The Lottery. The characters in Shirley Jacksons The Lottery are so accustomed to their tradition of†¦show more content†¦?The people had done it so many times that they only half-listened to the directions The villager?s passiveness towards the lottery shows, not only that they don?t want to be there, but that the lottery is just another task they need to mark off of their to-do lists. In actua lity, the lottery is a tuned-way of choosing someone to die, but the villagers are so desensitized to it, that they fancy the lottery as nothing more than an errand that they must complete. Secondly, the villagers small-talk, giggle and the children play throughout the story, as if one of their brothers or sisters are not about to be brutally killed. During the entire lottery proceedings, the villagers laugh and the children play despite the seriousness of their situation. The children playing with their murder weapons before the lottery begins really show how little the people care about the lottery anymore: ?Most have become completely desensitized to the murderous rituals. In paragraph two, the children are so desensitized that they are actually enjoying themselves while they are collecting rocks as a sadistic prize for the lottery?s winner. Although they are very young they remember some aspects of the ritual. Bobby Martin stuffs his pockets full of stones as if it were money and not a murder weapon. Three of the villager?s children eventually made a great pile of stones in one corner of the square and guarded it against raids of the other boys. The children know that they areShow MoreRelatedThe Lottery vs the Destructors Essay examples1046 Words   |  5 PagesThesis In Shirley Jackson’s, â€Å"The Lottery†, and Graham Greene’s â€Å"The Destructors†, the author creates a story filled with symbolism, irony, grim reality, and a ritualized tradition that masks evil, which ultimately showcases how people blindly follow tradition. Outline I. Introduction II. Setting B. Time Period III. Plot A. What messages are seen inRead MoreOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words   |  526 Pagesreassurance when thoughts about harming the child recur in the future. Prior to the mid-1960s there was no effective psychological or pharmacological intervention for OCD. Applications of early behavioral techniques to OCD, such as systematic desensitization, modeling, operant reinforcement, aversion relief, and relaxation therapy, produced modest and rather mixed benefits (Emmelkamp, 1982; Foa, Franklin, Kozak, 1998; Kozak Foa, 1997). However, in 1966 Victor Meyer described a behavioral treatment

Motivating Pharmaceutical employees in Kuwaits Public Sector - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 21 Words: 6368 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Health Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? The pharmaceutical sector in Kuwait has never been considered by the Government to be as important as the other healthcare or even many other professional sectors, like engineering for example. It has always been viewed as a less important profession with a very small number of professionals relatively to other jobs in the country. However, Pharmacy is a necessity in Kuwait and in every country, in addition to the obvious increment of the number of pharmacists who join the field every year, especially since the beginning of the last decade after Kuwait University launched its first pharmaceutical department in 1997. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Motivating Pharmaceutical employees in Kuwaits Public Sector" essay for you Create order Therefore, these pharmacists must be heard and understood like every other profession in Kuwait, they have potential and needs which must be considered and met whenever possible by the Government. One of these needs or even necessities is motivation. The practice of motivation is critical for every successful organization, just like other important measures to increase performance; it is a tool that must be present in every healthy working environment. Being a previous pharmacist working in the public sector in Kuwait, the Author has come across this subject numerous times with different pharmacists, who had negative views of the matter in most times. However, there was no clear study which shows the true level of motivation that is being experienced in the sector, which is the reason for conducting this research. 1.2 Problem Definition The experience of motivation for pharmacists who work in the public sector is poor, compare with other healthcare professionals such as doctors , and compare to the pharmacists who work in the private sector in Kuwait. Therefore, the Author chose to examine the level of that motivation in a deeper manner to have clearer and more reliable view of the concept within the public sector of pharmacy, in addition to finding new methods which could improve the implementation of such practice. 1.3 Research Objective The main objective of this thesis is to define the level of motivation that is experienced within pharmacists working in the public sector in Kuwait. The sub-objectives can be classified into the following three measures: The first one is to determine the level of motivation that is experienced in the public pharmaceutical sector in Kuwait. The second objective is to determine whether there is an effect of motivation on the overall performance of pharmacists. The third and final measure is to explore new techniques and motivational methods that can be used in order to satisfy public pharmacists and fulfill their needs. 1.4 Research Questions The research shall consist of one major question and three minor ones. The major research question is: What is the experience of motivation for pharmacists who work in the public sector in Kuwait? The minor questions are as follows: What is the level of motivation that is experienced in the public pharmaceutical sector in Kuwait? What are the effects of motivation on the overall performance of pharmacists? What can be used as new techniques or new methods of motivation in order to satisfy public pharmacists and fulfill their needs? 1.5 Research Methodology For the research method, we will conduct personal interviews, which shall be done face to face to get the most reliable responses from pharmacists. The proposed methodological framework for this study, will be based largely on several motivational models that would be described later in chapter two, they are Maslow Hierarchy of needs, achievement motivational model, the two factor theory, the expectancy theory and the equity model. From those five models, a guiding criterion will be extracted and compared with the responses of the research questions. In addition to that, the role of management and supervisio n and its effects on motivation will be examined and compared to the characteristics of a motivational management which will be addressed in chapter 2. And finally, the interviewees will be asked for their recommendations and suggestions for newer and better motivational techniques and methods, to be implemented by the Ministry of Health. 1.6 Data Analysis Method After collecting the qualitative data, they will be analyzed using different criteria. The analysis will basically list the answers of the participants and find the relationships between them with the assistance of weighing frequencies of repentant responses to reach a better conclusion. The conceptual framework will be based on five motivational theories (Maslows hierarchy, achievement model, two-factor theory, the expectancy theory, and the equity theory), which is the base for analyzing the findings. The impact of positive motivation implementations will also be discussed with the selected pharmacists, in additi on to an interpretation of their recommendations on improving the motivational process within the Ministry of Health. 1.7 Thesis Structure The structure of the thesis will be based on five main chapters, they are listed below: Chapter one: Introduction. Chapter two: Literature Review. Chapter three: Research Design and Methodology. Chapter four: Data Analysis, Findings and Discussion. Chapter five: Conclusion, Recommendations and Further Research. The next chapter will present our literature review. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction Motivation is a global concept, recognized worldwide today; it is a necessary tool for all different kinds of organizations to survive and grow, and most importantly to succeed. Below is a literature review for the term motivation. It includes different definitions of the term in addition to other terms related to motivation. Different theories on motivation will be mentioned and reviewed briefly to better understand the meaning and limitations of the term motivation. Successful tools to achieve the desired motivation will also be addressed and explained, as well as a review on the different mechanisms used by organizations to motivate their employees. And finally, there will be a review on employee motivation techniques used including a few examples from the best motivational companies in Kuwait. 2.2 Motivation So, who are the motivated workers? According to Myers (1964), when Texas Instruments Incorporated conducted a six year of research and study on the subject of motivation during the 1950s, they came up with the following conclusion1: Employees are motivated to work more effectively when they have a job that is challenging, because it might give them some interest in the job, more enjoyable work, a possibility of recognition, and a since of achievement when they accomplish the task. They become dissatisfied when those noted factors are missing from their jobs. They may also become dissatisfied by some negative factors related to the job itself including astringent rules, no breaks, low status, and low levels of salary or fringe benefits. This study was conducted by a company which experienced a tremendous growth in the 1950s, their annual sales rose from $2 million to over $200 million, along with their employee force which had risen from 1,700 to 17,000 in that decade. This success was accomplished because of their brilliant management philosophy, which provided employees with opportunities that allowed them to explore their works and efforts, and even set their own goals. In addition, the culture was a very friendly and informal one, as employees had very close relationships and strong communication links. Despite that success, the growth was not for long after those years, and employees were no longer highly motivated as before, because there were poor managerial skills in understanding the concept of motivation and how each employee can be motivated. This was in the 1950s; today the main idea or the concept of motivation still have the same old parameters, but with some improvements and modifications after many long studies by many of scientists and philosophers. To best understand the term motivation, one must start with the definition. 2.2.1 Definition of Motivation For the purpose of this thesis, we will keep the definition of (The Collins business Dictionary, 2002) regarding the concept of motivation. In that perspective, motivation is defined as the force or process which impels people to behave in the way that they do. In a work setting, motivation can be viewed as that which determines whether workers expand the degree of efforts necessary to achieve required task objectives2. Furthermore, here is another explanation of the term: motivation represents the forces acting on or within a person that causes the person to behave in a specific, goal-directed manner3. In addition, the online business dictionary (business dictionary , 2009) defines it as the Internal and external factors that stimulate desire and energy in people to be continually interested in and committed to a job, role, or subject, and to exert persistent effort in attaining a goal. Motivation is the energizer of behavior and mother of all action. It results from the interactions among conscious and unconscious factors such as the (1) intensity of desire or need, (2) incentive or reward value of the goal, and (3) expectations of the individual and of his or her significant othe rs4. Since the term motivation is being defined, one must address some terms which are highly related to motivation, including: job satisfaction, job commitment, and job loyalty. Job satisfaction is the satisfaction that an individual gains (or does not gain) from his or her job. It is generally believed that satisfied employees will be more highly motivated and will work more productively than dissatisfied employees. Job dissatisfaction may lead to absenteeism, job turnover, industrial actions, and etc2. Commitment is the state of being bound emotionally or intellectually to a course of action or to another person or persons2. It is a well known fact that job satisfaction strongly leads to job commitment, which later leads to loyalty. Furthermore, job loyalty is another state led to by motivation, and it is a measure of commitment based on obligation or, in consumer preferences, degree of satisfaction2. 2.3 Theories of Motivation Over the years, many researchers h ave looked into the human psychology and studied the human nature to understand the process of motivation. They have come up with many theories which are being thought now to millions of students around the globe. Below this paragraph there is an overview of some of the most recognized theories of motivation worldwide, starting with the need theories: Maslows hierarchy of needs, and David C McClellands achievement motivation model. 2.3.1 Motivating Employees through Satisfying Human Needs 2.3.1.1 The Needs Hierarchy Theory The hierarchy of needs theory is one of the most recognized theories in the subject. It was found by Abraham Maslow, who published an article in 1943 under the title A theory of human motivation, which was developed later into the hierarchy of needs theory in Maslows Motivation and Personality book in 19545. The hierarchy model is shown in figure 2.1, as presented in the following website (making it clear.com, 2007)6: (Figure 2.1) Maslows Needs Pyramid or Maslows Needs Triangle Taken from (making it clear website, 2007) Maslow has based his theory on the fact that people are motivated by certain types of needs, he classified them into five levels based on their importance to people, and they are in ascending order: physiological, security, affiliation, esteem and self-actualization. He then arranged them in a hierarchy showing the order in which these needs are fulfilled from bottom to top5. According to Maslow, these human needs can be classified into lower and higher levels of needs, the lower levels or factors of needs has to be satisfied and fulfilled before the higher ones, which means they must be satisfied in order, so that a person can be motivated, and reach a high level of achievement in life5. The model indicates that when one need is satisfied, another one becomes important, which means that the lowest level of needs  (physiological)  must be  fulfilled  in  order to   move to the higher one (security), and so on, until one reaches  self-fulfillment 3. In other words, each level of needs is a motivator, which when satisfied, does not motivate anymore, and the higher level is now the motivator5. Firstly, Physiological needs. They are the first and lowest level of the hierarchy, they are the most basic needs which are necessary for the continuation of life, and they include: the desire for food, water, air, and sleep3. It can safely be said that no human being can live without the physiological needs, which is why they are sometimes called survival needs. They must be satisfied in order for a person to move up the hierarchy, and be motivated by the next level of needs5. Secondly, security needs. They occupy the second level of the pyramid, and are sometimes called safety needs, as they include the need for safety, stability and absence of pain, threat or illness3. When it comes to work, these needs may cause the preference for a saf e and secure job, with a health insurance benefit for example. They include financial security, as they may cause people to open savings accounts for the security of their future, or to take different types of insurances for example, the insurance against accidents4. When this level is satisfied, a person may move to the next level5. Thirdly, Social needs, which can be explained as the needs someone wants from society, such as friendship and the feeling of belonging3. This level of needs deals with the emotions of the human being, every person needs to feel accepted and loved by others, and as most people do, a human may belong to a group, which can be a small one like family and friends, or a large one such as clubs, religious parties, or even gangsters. In the case that this emotional need was not fulfilled, a person may be lonely and experience some mental disorders such as anxiety or depression3. Esteem is the next level in the pyramid, and it is the desire to feel respect ed and self worthy, and thereby boost the self-esteem. People need to be valued by other people, they need to be accepted by what they are and recognized for their activities and contributions in order to feel self-valued. The imbalances of this need can lead to low self-esteem, which can cause psychological conditions such as depression3. The highest and last need is Self-actualization, which only appears when all the levels have been satisfied, and involves people recognizing their full potential, and be the best as they can be at what they do3,which can be best seen with self-employed people3. 2.3.1.2 The Achievement Motivation Model This model of motivation has been identified by David C McClellands in 1961. He proposed the idea that there are three important types of needs; they are achievement, authority/power, and affiliation needs. These needs were found to be present in every worker especially within managers, and the degree of which need is dominant can be seen in the workers attitude and behavior at work, which is based on their motivational status7. The ones, who are motivated by achievement, can be seen competing against a high standard, having difficult and challenging goals, and always seeking achievements and advancements in their jobs3. The authority/power motivated ones always strive for authority and leadership. They need to be leaders and have their ideas prevail. In addition, they want to be influential, make an impact in work and on other workers, and reach high personal status3. The affiliation motivated persons are team players; they are motivated by friendly relationships with others, as they need to be liked and always have close friendships7. The McClelland theory proposed that all people have a combination of these needs, however not in the same level. The level of which particular need is dominant can be seen in someones attitude and behavior at work. He thinks that the managers, who are strongly affected by aff iliation motivation, always need to be liked, which in turn affects their decision-making criteria. While authority motivated workers will posses a high level of commitment and work ethics, and in most cases are managers or leaders, unless they do not have the required skills or flexibility for the job. In addition, McClelland thinks that the best leaders are the ones with strong achievement motivation, however they may have some difficulties in leading their staff into believing and having as much dedication to what they want to achieve7. In his theory, McClelland proposed that achievement-motivated people are characterized by the following attitudes3: They set their own goals, because of their high selectivity of matters; they cannot accept other people to draw goals for them. They take full responsibility in their decisions and results, if they succeed they want the credit, and if they do not, they do not mind the blame. To them, Achievement is valued more than financ ial reward. They prefer achieving their goals to receiving praise or getting recognition. They do not consider a financial reward as a goal; to them it is just a measure of success. They are not highly concerned about Security, or about their status. They like nothing more than a reliable feedback for their work, not to get an appraisal or something of that matter, but to measure their work and see how successful they have been. They always seek better ways to do things, and improve their methods. they are highly selective for jobs which have higher satisfaction for their needs, which means they choose jobs which have greater responsibilities and opportunities for them to set their own goals and achieve them, for example they can work as managers, or in the sales department, in addition to many of them work as entrepreneurs. Next, there is a description of another category of motivation models, which is based on job designs. 2.3.2 Motivating Employees through Job Design 2.3.2.1 The Two-Factor Theory In 1959, Frederick Herzberg and his associates developed a famous theory of motivation known as the two-factor theory, or the motivator- hygiene model of motivation. He studied people to know what the factors that causes them to be satisfied at work, and the ones that causes dissatisfaction to them. He then came up with a list of factors and classified them in two categories: motivators and hygiene factors8. Motivators are the factors that satisfy people at work, in addition to generating positive feeling; they include recognition, achievement, advancement, responsibility, and challenging work. They are called intrinsic factors, because they are related to the job itself 3. Hygiene factors on the other hand, are factors which usually gives negative feelings to individuals, and may affect job dissatisfaction if they were absence, hence the term hygiene, because in the absence of hygiene, health can deteriorate. They include: job s ecurity, working conditions, salary, relationship with co-workers and supervisors, company policy and fringe benefits. They are called extrinsic factors because they are external to the job, not directly related to the job itself 8,3. 2.3.2.2 The Job Characteristic Model This is one of the most famous models of motivation, proposed by Hackman Oldham (1976), and it is highly used in designing jobs in many organizations5. It is related to Herzbergs model to a great degree, as it proposes the use of motivation factors at a workplace, and limiting the hygiene factors to minimum9. The model includes five main characteristics of any job, they are: skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy and job feedback. It proposes that the levels of all these characteristics should be increased in order to create a motivational environment at the workplace3. The first characteristic is skill variety, which is the amount and the types of skills and competencies required by a certain job. Some jobs are a daily routine activity and require too little from an employee to get them done, while other jobs require certain competencies and skills from individuals which can make them more interesting. Next is task identity, and it is the identification of the complete work needed to complete a task by an employee, from beginning to end, with an identifiable outcome3. Task significance is another characteristic, and it is described as the amount of importance and necessity of a given task, and whether it is worth doing and would have an impact on other people and society, or if it would not make a big difference when it gets done. The fourth characteristic is autonomy, and it is the amount of empowerment and control provided in certain jobs, which increases their importance in peoples minds. The last one is job feedback, which gives indications on an employee performance and effectiveness; therefore a job should be formulated in ways which allow superiors to measure the performer as simply and accurately as possible3,9. The model proposes that the levels of these five characteristics should be increased, because they have strong effects on three psychological aspects in humans, they are3: Experienced meaningfulness of the tasks performed. Experienced personal responsibility for task outcomes. Knowledge of the results of task performance. In the end, the model states that if these three status were raised in a human being, that individual will be highly satisfied at the job and strongly motivated to work. Next, there is another category of motivation models, which is based on performance expectations. 2.3.3 Motivating Employee through Performance Expectation 2.3.3.1 The Expectancy Theory The link between motivation and the expectancy theory was defined by Condrey as: Motivation is a product of the individuals expectancy that a certain effort will lead to the intended performance, the instrumentality of this pe rformance to achieving a certain result, and the desirability of this result for the individual, known as valence10. The theory was found by Victor Vroom in 1964, a business professor at Yale School of Management , it proposes the idea that people become motivated to do a certain job when they believe they will get a certain reward that they want and expect. They make an estimation of the desired results, and based on that they act and behave in a way which will help them get to those results. It predicts that individuals within an organization can be motivated when they believe that10: More effort exerted will yield better performance at a job. Better performance will result in desirable organizational rewards, such as salary increment. These rewards are valued by the performer and satisfy the needs Satisfying the need is worthwhile doing better and giving the required effort to the proposed job. However, Victor Vroom together with his associates Edward Lawler and Lyman Porter thought that the link between peoples behavior at work and their goals was not exactly as simple as previous scientists had proposed. He believed that the performance of an employee is based on three major psychological factors, which can create a strong motivational force to that employee, they are9: Valence: refers to how people feel about and the level of satisfaction they get from the outcomes and rewards of completing their jobs, such as money, promotion, and satisfaction. On the one hand, an outcome is said to be a positive valent if an employee prefers having it. On the other hand, an outcome which an employee does not want to have is known as a negative valent. An outcome which an employee is indifferent about are said to have zero valence. Expectancy: it is the belief of employees that their actions will lead to certain outcomes, and their confidence in what they can do. Instrumentality: This is the belief of employees that they will get what has been promised to them after completing the task successfully. Vroom proposed that the belief of an employee in these three factors helps psychologically in building a motivational force which makes that employee happy and avoiding negativity. Hence, the theory describes the mental procedure of motivation, as people make choices based on their understanding and behavior 3. 2.3.4 Motivating People through Equity 2.3.4.1 The Equity Model The Equity Theory was developed by J. Stacy Adams in 1962; it describes how an employee perceives that the outcome reward of a certain job is being fair, after completing one which is expected to be satisfying9. The theory can be measured against other employees in a work place, or even employees from different organizations. Normally this measurement results in three different perceptions: they will feel they are fairly rewarded, under rewarded, or over rewarded. Unless they feel fairly rewarded, they will act in a way as to reduce inequity. B ecause they always try to measure what they put in a job (input) and what they get from it (output). Examples of employees inputs and outputs can be found in table 2.1 3: Table 2.1 Examples of employee inputs and outputs in a job: Inputs Outputs Attendance Recognition Personal skills Fringe benefits Commitment and effort Responsibility Level of education Sense of achievements Past experiences Job perquisites (parking space or office location) Performance Job security Personal appearance Promotion and growth Social status Salary Technical skills Seniority benefits Training Status symbols Support of collogues Working conditions (Taken from J Slocum, Jr. (2007) Fundamentals of organizational behavior) The Equity Theory is built on the belief that, employees who think their rewards are fair and equal to their contributions, are the most motivated ones, The same goes for the ones who belief they are being re warded in a similar manner as their peers. On the other hand, employees may become demotivated when they belief that their input is greater than the output. They may become depressed and not satisfied with their status, and show many negative reactions9. Therefore, managers must be fair and give their employees their fair share of rewards, based on their actions and inputs. They should understand how to balance inputs and outputs fairly, so that they give each employee fair and deserved rewards, which in turn improves employee motivation and thereby gives them more job satisfaction9. As mentioned before, managers must understand the balance of inputs and outputs of their employees; because employees measure their inputs differently, in addition to the fact that they may prefer different types of rewards. For example, a working mother may prefer more flexible working hours to an incentive9. At the end, managers should make sure their employees do not feel under rewarded, bec ause then they will be demotivated, which should be avoided in any organization that wants to be successful. They should reward them fairly and equally based on their efforts, contributions, expectations, and peers 11. 2.3.4.2 The Procedural Justice Theory This theory was proposed by Rawls (1971), and it is based on fairness just like the previous equity model; however it is not based on the outcomes or the outputs, but on the fairness of the process of making decisions5. The theory measures the procedure of making decisions in an organization, which can be fair or unfair, and affects employee motivation and job satisfaction9. Procedural justice can be very important and essential to every company or organization, because it has a great effect on employees. When they perceive a procedure as fair, they become highly motivated to work and improve their inputs at their jobs. On the other hand, if they think the procedure is unfair they may be dissatisfied and demotivated to wo rk9. A good example can be seen in most companies is pay raise determination, if employees perceive fairness of the decision, they will be satisfied, and visa versa. Sometimes, the fairness of such decision can be more satisfying than the raise itself, because the human being highly values equity and fairness. Employees may also judge the process of layoffs within a company, as the survivors would judge the fairness of the decision and become highly affected by it, and if it was a fair decision, they would become highly satisfied and more committed to their job. However if the decision was unfair, they may become demotivated and even have fear about their job status, which usually leads to seeking jobs elsewhere 3. Another examples is students, especially hard workers who put so much efforts in their studies, they expect to get good grades for their hard work, but sometimes they are misjudged or marked unfairly, which can be seen when they compare their results or marks with e ach other, and when they think the marking procedure was unfair, they become hugely dissatisfied9. 2.3.5 Other Theories of Motivation There are many theories and models of motivation, which are not widely recognized as the ones explained before; here is a review of some of them: 2.3.5.1 The Incentive Theory of Motivation According to Kerr (1995), a reward can be very effective in boosting employee motivation. Whether it was tangible or intangible, when a reward is presented to an employee after a certain behavior or performance, it is more likely that the same desired performance will occur again. In addition, the sooner the reward is given the better, as its effect would be larger in employees minds, and later on, this performance becomes a habit by that employee12. However, as the author has noted, there might be some difficulties applying the technique efficiently by managers, because they should make sure that the reward is not just a simple reward, it should be s ome kind of a reinforcer, which is like a reminder to employees of the incentive they get for what they did, and later on this becomes embedded in their behavior, and a continuous source for motivation, and job satisfaction. 2.3.5.2 The Drive-Reduction Theory The theory was proposed by C. Hull (1940), who suggested that when a person experiences some kind of a biological drive or arousal to do something, that person will experience a driving force to do that thing. And whenever that person does the action, then the action would be reinforced. For example: when a person is hungry and wants to eat, there would be a drive to do so, but as soon as that person eats, the forced drive becomes reduced. However, the theory was not considered very successful because it did not explain clearly the motivation process9. 2.3.5.3 The ERG (Existence, Relatedness and Growth) Theory Suggested by Clayton Alderfer in 1969, who followed up on Maslows needs theory. He reestablished the order of needs into three categories: the existence category including Physiological and safety needs, the relatedness category including affiliation and esteem needs, and the growth category including self-actualization and needs 13, 9. 2.3.5.4 The Goal Setting Theory This is based on the idea that when an employee sets a goal for oneself, he/she will have to increase performance to achieve that goal. And whenever there is a difficult goal to attain, the performance will definitely increase to reach that goal and attain the desired outcomes 11. 2.4 Practices Companies may use in order to motivate their Employees in General Most successful organizations around the world motivate their employees. There are many methods a company or an organization may come up with to assist in doing so. A powerful new model to increase workplace motivation has been developed by Nohria and Groysberg, of Harvard Business School, and Lee, of the Center for Research on Corporate Performance14. T hey have conducted a survey on a wide range of employees from many companies, and came up with results which can identify how an organization can motivate its employees and satisfy their needs. They proposed that a motivating organization should implement several motivational techniques, including the following: It must provide an environment at the workplace that meets workers expectations and needs. Establish a fair Reward system for good performances. Create a culture that is full with collaboration and openness in order to improve bonds and communications between employees. Create meaningful and challenging jobs which help increasing workers motivations. Allocate resources fairly, and manage the processes and performances in a fair and transparent way. Furthermore on the practice of motivation within companies and organizations, below are guidelines for managers that can be used in order to motivate employees. They are based on the motivating people book (2009) written by Mike Bourne and Pippa Bourne15: Creating a motivating environment Managers must Support the performances of employees, by setting the goals of the organization clearly to them and directing their efforts into achieving those goals. They should boost their enthusiasm, provide them with the needed tools and resources, remove any constraints they may face, develop their training and skills, and supervise them in a positive way. They should create a high performance culture, and maintain the right working conditions. Recruiting the right people is necessary, and so managers must have successful criteria for recruiting. They should Measure employees motivation, by getting feedback from them, and by using a survey to show their motivation level, how they feel about their jobs, and what they need and expect from their jobs. Building processes for motivation Managers must design motivating jobs for their employees and continuously improve these jobs, which should be meaningful and have important outcomes. They should conduct appraisals and measure the progress of given tasks through feedbacks. In addition, they must set clear, important, and achievable objectives for their employees, and make sure they understand them. They should always provide the proper Training and development for their staff, and prepare them to grow within an organization. They must Recognize good performances by many ways including thanking them by emails or giving them some time off for example. Furthermore, they have to make sure that employees are paid and rewarded according to their performances, as their bonuses should be linked to their achieved targets, their pay should be linked to their performances, their incentives should be linked to their achieved goals, and the paying scheme should always be reviewed to make any necessary changes. Developing the skills for motivation Managers must be good motivators by sharing their visions with their teams, setting a ttainable and clear goals, always giving feedback to staff, rewarding good performances, and sharing the success with everyone involved in making it. They should make people feel valued by promoting or rewarding them, recognizing their efforts, and investing in their training and development. They should delegate tasks effectively to their employees, and be able to coach successfully on a daily basis, and therefore they have to develop their coaching skills constantly. 2.5 Practices Companies may use in order to motivate their Employees in Kuwait (Culture) According to a study of employee motivation in the Middle East (Bayt.com, 2009), 61% of Kuwaitis feel they are motivated at their work, ranging from highly to slightly motivated, which looks to be acceptable especially when compared with the average of all the other countries in the study which was 45% 16. When it comes to Kuwait, it is very difficult to find examples on how companies motivate their employees within, beca use there are not many studies conducted in the field. However, a number of companies understand the concept of motivation and follow strategic guidelines in doing so. First of all, Kuwait has two working sectors, the governmental and the private one. In the governmental sector, there are standard methods of motivations, which are very similar to a great degree, in all the ministries in Kuwait; they include some of the following parameters (Al-Watan newspaper, 2007)17: Yearly bonuses for excellence performers. providing scholarships for post graduate studies to superior workers training courses in Kuwait or abroad for high performance workers promotions for deserving workers sending special employees abroad to attend conferences and workshops Other fringe benefits including mobile phones, and cars with drivers. On the other hand, the private sector offers much more valuable and attractive rewards and benefits, which can be much more motivational to employees, including all of what the government can provide, but at higher levels. For example, yearly bonuses are highly dependant on the workers achievements, while in the governmental sector it is normally a fixed yearly bonus. Therefore, if a worker was affective in making a company a worthy amount of profits, there would be a large and satisfying reward awaiting, while if a governmental worker achieved the same outcomes; there will be the same yearly bonus which is given to any hard working employee, regardless of the size of the achievement. In addition, there could also be other types of rewards in the private sector such as the highly recognition of superior workers, as can be seen in the example of Zain telecommunication company, which sets very good standards for motivations that all other successful companies should follow (Al-Watan newspaper, 2007). Other companies which are highly motivational are the banks, especially before the economical crises in 2008. Banks always reco gnize good employee performances and apply excellent standards of motivational tools, which are one of the reasons why they are the most successful services sector in Kuwait (Global Magazine, 2009)18. Another example can be seen in successful investment companies such as Alimtiaz Investment. According to business news magazine (2009), there is a mystique when it comes to Alimtiaz, the culture is very friendly and loving, you can find workers from different departments helping and supporting each other, which is the theme of the company. It provides employees with the best rewards and fridge benefits compare to all investment companies in Kuwait. The yearly bonuses are very satisfying however based on productivity, in addition to other benefits like incentives and health insurance. An employee is able to complete studies and take courses on the expenses of the company, and regular courses are constantly provided to all employees. Basically, the management of the company, led by th e best professionals in Kuwait, has set an excellent example of excellence that should be followed in companies in Kuwait and worldwide19. 2.6 Pharmacists Motivation in the Public Sector in Kuwait When it comes to pharmacists in the public sector in Kuwait, not many efficient previous studies can be found. However, there is a study conducted by a previous Kuwaiti public pharmacist named Noura Al-Qenaee in 2009, she concluded a number of facts which could shed the light on the motivational status within the pharmaceutical public sector in Kuwait, including20: Firstly, Pharmacists working in the public sector may earn a fair salary compare to those working in the private one. They enjoy a good stream of relations, better working environment, and preferable job locations. On the other hand, they may experience inadequate career development, and lack of growth in the public pharmaceutical sector. Many of them agreed to have tremendous mental tension caused by heavy workload, working condition, unprofessional supervision, job stress, and lack of means to perform their job, which all are highly demotivational. The research also concluded that many pharmacists leave working for the Ministry of Health, and open their own private pharmacies, which can be very motivational for a number of advantages. It could be very profitable, especially if the location of the pharmacy was cleverly selected. It would provide more flexible work timings for the pharmacist, in addition to the possibility of having some challenges, which usually makes an entrepreneur motivated to improve performance, and succeed in the business. The next chapter will describe our methodology and research design.

Racial Discrimination And Related Treatment Of African...

According to Merriam Webster, Racism is defined as â€Å"a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race† (Merriam Webster, n.d.). Knowing this, Racism is certainly not particular to the United States of America, As Alex Haley, the author of Roots, told Scott Ross, CBN journalist, in a 1992 interview, â€Å"If you think about it, †¦there is no grouping of people to my knowledge, of any consequence, who have not, at one or another time, been the object of hatred, racism, or who has not had people against them just because they were them† (Ross 2016). Racial discrimination and related treatment of African Americans over the decades may be deeply rooted in American culture. In fact, it can be traced to the Founding Fathers. As history tells us, two of the most famous Founding Fathers owned slaves, and it goes without saying that for one to justify another†™s enslavement—as did wealthy American colonials—that person would have to hold to the belief that the slave is by definition, and inferior being. Our first and third presidents: George Washington and Thomas Jefferson were slave owners and their treatment of African Americans is well documented. (Smithsonian, 2015) The dehumanizing way Early Americans treated Africans who were imported as slave labor became universally accepted among the population from the very beginning while still under British rule. In spite of theShow MoreRelatedRacial Discrimination Against African Americans857 Words   |  4 Pagessome legal organizations and communities that related to the racial discrimination issues in America (United States Department of Labor). Moreover, some of the sources also retrieved from well-known American newspapers, such as Washington Post (These ten charts show the black-white economic gap hasn’t budged in 50 years, 2013), which make the data and informa tion are always pay attention and focused on problems that happened in America based on American perspective. Another reason that makes the sourcesRead MoreRacial Discrimination Of The United States1233 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Racial discrimination is defined as â€Å"when a person is treated less favorably than another person in a similar situation because of their race, color, descent, national or ethnic origin or immigrant status† (Thomas). Racial discrimination in the workplace is a real problem in our world today. Not only is it against the Constitution, but it is morally and ethically wrong. Throughout history, many people have fought for equality among races, and the fact that racism is still an issue inRead MoreNo Officer, I m Not A Criminal?1415 Words   |  6 Pagesfaults in another. Race is one of these faults, and is a huge cause in civil rights violation. The dictionary defines racial profiling as, â€Å"the use of race or ethnicity as grounds for s uspecting someone of having committed an offense†. However, in reality, racial profiling is violating the civil rights of minorities and Muslims. According to the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) â€Å"Racial profiling by law enforcement is commonly defined as a practice that targets people for suspicion of crime based onRead MoreEssay on The Criminal Population and African Americans1105 Words   |  5 PagesAfrican Americans are targeted by law enforcement more often than any other race (Toth, Crews Burton, 2008). Because of this the term racial profiling was created to explain the process of targeting people for criminal activity because of race not evidence (Toth et al, 2008). African Americans are over represented in the criminal justice system based on their population amount compared to whites (Toth et al, 2008). African American males are incarcerated at a rate 9 times that of white males inRead MoreThis Study Was Examined Way Back Since The Mid-1800S. Many1309 Wo rds   |  6 Pagesinterest in the mental health status of those African Americans. However, wanted to tell you about the understanding of Black African Americans and Mental Health Status of complexities and new developments. The attention came from policymakers, especially in the era of racial disparities. It was in the health status backgrounds of different ethnic groups. The facts of using receipt of psychiatric services in mental health status in those African Americans. Therefore, it was a lot of research comes fromRead MoreDiscrimination Against Blacks Or Races Of Darker Skin Tones1212 Words   |  5 PagesIn other words, discrimination against blacks or races of darker skin tones is a learned behavior from an early age and results in the ignorance of thinking anyone with skin of a darker tone is unwanted in society. Over generations, it is clear to see that society portrays people with darker skin tones to have negative images which leads to low self-esteem. Low self-esteem then leads to social skills being hindered due to the fact that an individual feels insufficient or senses they are viewed asRead MoreRacial Discrimination858 Words   |  4 PagesResearch topic: Does racial discrimination cause poverty among black people in America? The scene of ghettosThe with poor living conditions of the ghettos in whichwhere black people live is not uncommon., Iit actually manifests a larger picture of racial discrimination which is closely related to poverty. Racial discrimination is about the pre-conceived notion that black people are inferior; they are more prone to violence and totally relianty on social welfare to survive. As a result of theseRead MoreCancer Survivors1298 Words   |  6 PagesSurvivors by Race and Ethnicity. American Journal of Medical Quality: The Official Journal of the American College of Medical Quality, vol. 30, no. 5, Sept. 2015, pp. 459-469. The study discussed in this article explores factors that can explain the medical care access inequalities between cancer survivors of different races and ethnicities. The article argues that when white and minority cancer survivors are compared for their likelihood of engaging in treatment, minorities are less likely toRead MoreRacism Essay785 Words   |  4 PagesRacism is a harsh word that includes both attitudes and actions. Racism is unequally treating others because they belong to a certain racial or ethnic group and thinking they are inferior to your ethnic group. Sociologists have defined racism as the perception and treatment of a racial or ethnic group, or member of that group, as intellectually, socially, and culturally inferior to one’s own group. It is more than an attitude; it is institutionalized in society. Racism is a silent disease that isRead MoreRacism Is Not As Cruel Essay1679 Words   |  7 PagesRacism is defined as â€Å"Prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one s own race is superior† (Oxford dictionary, 2016). It is obvious that racism in America is not as cruel as how it use to be many decades ago, as someone’s skin colour or beliefs cannot dictate his or her own rights and freedom. However, racism has never gone away, it remains an issue and a struggle to this day. Numerous people may believe that America has transformed

Nike Inc. The Powerhouse Of The Sporting Goods And...

Nike Inc. has been the powerhouse of the sporting goods and apparel industry for years. Headquartering its powerful brand from Beaverton, Oregon, the company was founded on September 8, 1969 by Phil Knight, with a mission that emphasizes â€Å"design, development, marketing and selling of athletic footwear, apparel, equipment, accessories and services.† The rapid growth of the brand has led to heightened sales and endorsements in the United States, as well as incredible market performance in Europe and Asia (Morningstar). To maintain a competitive advantage in a clustered market, Nike has expanded its business across several sectors of the sports world, including Running, Training, Golf, the Jordan Brand, Elite, and many more. The company focuses on innovative products that are of high quality and appeal to the eye. For example, Nike released a preview of its high-tech, self-tying shoe from the famous â€Å"Back to the Future† films; the Nike Mags. A major reason why Nike has crushed profit expectations for nearly 4 consecutive years is due to the diversity of its products and its efficient outsourcing tactics. Furthermore, consumers are attracted to the brand itself, and one analyst said that roughly 80% of Nike shoes are bought for lifestyle purposes, not for a particular sport. At $50.57 per share, the company is performing below the target stock price, but optimism is high for a company that continues to exceed annual expectations. Growth for the next 5 years is expected toShow MoreRelatedBusiness Description And Growth Strategies1000 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness Description Growth Strategies: DICK’S Sporting Goods, an American sporting goods retailer, was founded in 1948 by a young but up-and-coming 18-year-old Dick Stack. Upon being rejected from presenting his new idea by the owner of the Army surplus store he worked at, Dick received a $300 loan from his grandmother and blossomed that investment into much of the product line you examine today when visiting a DICK’S sporting goods location. As of today, Ed Stack, Dick’s son, is the currentRead MoreBusiness Analysis : Athletic Apparel1301 Words   |  6 Pages Athletic Apparel companies are a growing niche market in the Textile and Apparel Clothing Industry. This market has exploded in recent years as activewear companies moved from exclusively outfitting athletes to offering comprehensive lifestyle brands, this trend is expected to continue with analysts indicating 50% growth by 2020. Under Armour, Inc. (â€Å"UA†) is a leading athletic apparel and active lifestyle brand that specializes in â€Å"development, marketing and distribution of branded performanceRead MoreAthletic Footwear Industry Analysis13423 Words   |  54 PagesAthletic Footwear Industry Analysis Group #1 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE Table of Contents 2 Industry Analysis 3 Nike Firm Analysis – 9 Adidas Firm Analysis – 15 Asics Firm Analysis – 21 Puma Firm Analysis – 27 Mizuno Firm Analysis – 33 New Balance Firm Analysis – 39 Skechers Firm Analysis – 45 I. Industry Definition The athletic footwear industry includes all producers of shoes designed in an athletic style or for an athleticRead MoreUnder Armour Case Analysis Essay6076 Words   |  25 Pagesinnovative gears and apparels to help stay ahead of their competitors. Under Armour finds it extremely important to maintain relationships with their managers and more importantly with professional teams. The company has prided itself on maintaining a competitive advantage by always having top notch products and adopting new strategies and ideas to outcompete the rivals. The company strategy and initiatives clearly seems to be working since Under Armour is able to compete with Nike and Adidas. UnderRead More The Nike Co. Essay3243 Words   |  13 Pages NIKE 1.)Description of Nike. 2.)Definition of Total Quality Management and how Nike implements it. 3.)Definition of the Five Elements of Task Environment and how Nike. implements it. The company: 1-A brief history of the organization 2- Nike’s goals 3- Nike’s objectives 4-Markets 5-Size Compare theory with what we found Conclusion Ø DESCRIPTION Basketball players want to be like Mike, but shoe companies want to be like NIKE. NIKE is the worlds number one shoe company andRead MoreNike Marketing Plan Essay7652 Words   |  31 PagesNike Marketing Plan By: Marketing Management Ââ€" MM522 March 2004 Outline I. Executive Summary II. Table of Contents III. Company History IV. Marcoenvironment a. Demographic b. Economic c. Social d. Political e. Technological f. Ecological V. Competitive Advantage a. Industry Environment b. Operating Environment VI. Four Ps of Marketing a. Product b. Place c. Promotion d. Price VII. Core Competencies a. Strengths b. Weaknesses c. Opportunities d. Threats VIII. BusinessRead MoreAdidas Marketing Plan20768 Words   |  84 PagesExecutive†©Summary†© †© Adidas†©has†©been†©around†©since†©1924†©and†©has†©grown†©to†©be†©one†©of†©the†©top†©companies†©in†© providing†©a†©variety†©of†©high†©quality†©products†©to†©consumers†©interested†©in†©sports.†©It†©is†© currently†©the†©number†©two†©brand†©in†©the†©sporting†©goods†©industry,†©trailing†©its†©main†© competitor†©Nike.†©Adidas†©has†©a†©strong†©focus†©on†©both†©performance†©and†©style,†©as†©opposed†©to†© Nike’s†©more†©pure†©performance†©emphasis.†©Adidas†©is†©currently†©surviving†©in†©its†©market†©but†© has†©many†©barriers†©holding†©it†©back†©from†©becoming†©a†©more†©dominant†©and†©thriving†©companyRead MoreAdidas Marketing Plan20779 Words   |  84 PagesExecutive†©Summary†© †© Adidas†©has†©been†©around†©since†©1924†©and†©has†©grown†©to†©be†©one†©of†©the†©top†©companies†©in†© providing†©a†©variety†©of†©high†©quality†©products†©to†©consumers†©interested†©in†©sports.†©It†©is†© currently†©the†©number†©two†©brand†©in†©the†©sporting†©goods†©industry,†©trailing†©its†©main†© competitor†©Nike.†©Adidas†©has†©a†©strong†©focus†©on†©both†©performance†©and†©style,†©as†©opposed†©to†© Nike’s†©more†©pure†©performance†©emphasis.†©Adidas†©is†©currently†©surviving†©in†©its†©market†©but†© has†©many†©barriers†©holding†©it†©back†©from†©becoming†©a†©more†©dominant†©and†©thriving†©companyRead MoreSummary Article Nikes Dispute with the University of Oregon9247 Words   |  37 PagesEncyclopedia Nike, Inc. is a major publicly traded Public company A publicly-traded company is a company that has permission to offer its registered securities for sale to the general public, typically through a stock exchange, or occasionally a company whose stock is traded over the counter via market makers who use non-exchange quotation services.-Securities... sportswear and equipment supplier based in the United States. The company is headquartered in Beaverton Beaverton, Oregon BeavertonRead MoreAthletic Shoe and Nike4456 Words   |  18 PagesNIKE 1 Nike has always remained on the preference list of athletes and  athletic  footwear  was indeed the first category of products launched by the company more than 30 years ago. Today, you can see the craze for its products, not only among athletes, but also among golfers and other sportspeople. Apart from that,  Nike  shoes  and other accessories have also become the favorite  fashion  products for teenagers. Thus, fashion, elegance and achievements are some of the associated attributes of Nike

Shakespeare, William Comparing And Contrasting Hamlet And MacBeth Essay Example For Students

Shakespeare, William: Comparing And Contrasting Hamlet And MacBeth Essay Christine TirmanApril 7th, 1999Professor KingEssay # 3Comparing and ContrastingHamlet and MacBethThroughout William Shakespeares plays Hamlet and Macbeth there are many similarities, along with many differences. These plays are both Shakespearean tragedies, which often use supernatural incidents to intrigue the readers interest, and consists of a hero that has a tragic flaw. There are many comparative and contrasting aspects in these plays. The opening of Hamlet involves a supernatural, as does the opening of Macbeth. In the first scene the ghost of his father, King Hamlet, approaches Hamlet. Similarly, the opening of Macbeth involves the three witches. Although the witches can be seen by anyone they approach, the ghost of King Hamlet is only seen by Hamlet himself, and in one scene by Marcellus and Bernardo, Hamlets servants. Similarly in both plays, the main characters are slightly suspicious of the actual powers these supernatural figures have. As the witches use their apparent powers to tell Macbeth the future, the ghost of King Hamlet tells Hamlet what has happened already. Hamlet states in one of his soliloquies ?The spirit that I have seen / may be the devil? (2.2. 598-599). Macbeth also has his doubts because when the witches tell him that he will be named Thane of Cawder, Macbeth himself had not known, but many people had. It is possible the witches could have known. In the same matter in both plays, the presentation of the supernatural began to lead to the final downfall of each of the characters. In Macbeth, the three witches cause him to think and do evil deeds. In Hamlet, if he had not seen the ghost of his father, he would not have known that Claudius has killed his father to claim the throne. In both instances the characters gave into the nagging supernatural beliefs. And hence they lost their lives. Other characters in these plays show parallels in their plots. Both plays have a main character that portrays the king of that country. In Hamlet, the King of Denmark, Claudius is directly related to Hamlet. He is his uncle, and also his mothers new husband. However, in Macbeth the King of Scotland, King Duncan, is not directly related to the main character. Both plays do however, have the main character killing off the king in order to get the throne, which ultimately results in there own death. Horatio, in Hamlet and Banquo, in Macbeth share the same loyalty to the main characters. In both stories these friends are more skeptical of the supernaturals than the main characters themselves. In a meeting with the witches, Banquo challenges them to ?Speak then to me, who neither beg nor fear / Your favours nor your hate? (1.3.60-61). In a scene where Horatio and Hamlet witness the ghost, Horatio tries to keep Hamlet from going with the ghost. He was even reluctant in the opening scene to go with Marcellus to hear about the ghost. Some themes in the plays are also similar. The way that the weeds and flowers illustrate good and bad in Hamlet is like the way the birds do in Macbeth. This is also true of the fair and foul theme in Macbeth and the indirections theme in Hamlet. In Macbeth, to the weird sisters, what is ugly is beautiful, and what is beautiful is ugly. Through the play fair appearances hide foul realities. This theme has a lot in common with the theme in Hamlet where the appearance varies from the reality. In contrast, one of the main themes in Macbeth is Manhood, while in Hamlet it is frailty, and more specifically, the frailty of women. .u07d4541f8bbd162e27ae0c4836259c67 , .u07d4541f8bbd162e27ae0c4836259c67 .postImageUrl , .u07d4541f8bbd162e27ae0c4836259c67 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u07d4541f8bbd162e27ae0c4836259c67 , .u07d4541f8bbd162e27ae0c4836259c67:hover , .u07d4541f8bbd162e27ae0c4836259c67:visited , .u07d4541f8bbd162e27ae0c4836259c67:active { border:0!important; } .u07d4541f8bbd162e27ae0c4836259c67 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u07d4541f8bbd162e27ae0c4836259c67 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u07d4541f8bbd162e27ae0c4836259c67:active , .u07d4541f8bbd162e27ae0c4836259c67:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u07d4541f8bbd162e27ae0c4836259c67 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u07d4541f8bbd162e27ae0c4836259c67 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u07d4541f8bbd162e27ae0c4836259c67 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u07d4541f8bbd162e27ae0c4836259c67 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u07d4541f8bbd162e27ae0c4836259c67:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u07d4541f8bbd162e27ae0c4836259c67 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u07d4541f8bbd162e27ae0c4836259c67 .u07d4541f8bbd162e27ae0c4836259c67-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u07d4541f8bbd162e27ae0c4836259c67:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Male and female observation: t Essay It seems evident that Shakespeare used a strong, similar story line in these two tragedies. Apparently Macbeth and Hamlet are similar stories in numerous ways. These two plays seem different because of the variation in story lines, but in fact are very similar due to the parallel characters and themes.